Servicing via CBS (component based servicing)
In Vista and Windows Server 2008, the operating system is made up of components. In a simplest sense, a component is a small grouping of files based on a feature area, functionality, and reusability. A manifest defines how the files are grouped in a component and largely, this is something that each product group at Microsoft has defined for their own product.
Having said above, the when it comes to servicing, a component is the smallest unit of measure and this creates an interesting patching behavior. As mentioned above, a component may contain several files. So, even if a fix for a particular bug is localized to one file, if the file belongs to a component that consists of other files, the patch will contain all files in the component. All files, regardless of whether they are changed or not, are built, their version numbers incremented, and packaged in the hotfix. When the hotfix is applied, the component in the component store is updated, and all files included in the component are updated on the file system.